Die ontstaan of wording en wese van taal

Dit is die lot gewees van die taalstudie en taalbeoefening waaruit die Westerse Taalwetenskap ontwikkel het en selfs sy huidige inhoud en vorm aan dank of wyt dat dit vau die begin af deur spekulasie en filosofie oor heers is

Ons taalerfenis

Dit is byna onvermydelik wanneer ons die waarde van Afrikaans as volkstaal, moedertaal of selfs as kultuurtaal probeer bepaal, dat ons dit doen in terme van die geskiedenis en die nasionale waarde van die stryd wat gevoer moes word om die erkenning, gebruik en behoud daarvan

Ons Kultuurtaak in die Republiek

Na 5e Oktober het die Afrikaner ’n nuwe staatkundige bedeling betree wat sy voltrekking sal vind in ’n Republiek. Dit is ’n gebeurtenis van die grootste betekenis: vir die eerste keer sal die Afrikanerdom in sy wordingsproses van drie eeue as geheel tot ’n eenheid verbind wees in ’n staatsvorm van sy eie, al is dit dan miskien grootliks weens die naam Republiek en onder die eie, vrye, selfgekose staatshoof. Hierdie omstandigheid stel aan die volk ’n groter kultuurtaak en eis dienooreenkomstig ’n groter verantwoordelikheid

The Hungarian pear germplasm as source of genetic variability for breeding programmes

TheHungarian pear collection (Pyrus communis L.) consists of 423 genotypes distributed over seven genebanks inHungary. This is oneof themost extensive collections of native and cultivated pears found in Eastern Europe and includes a wide range of genotypes with small size fruit(referred to as “Miniature pears”). Based on the in situ and ex situ measures taken by governmental and other institutions for fruit tree conservationin Hungary, an overview is given on some activities regarding areas of Pyrus collection and genebanks where pears are collected and grown.Descriptions of traits of miniature pears found in Hungarian genebanks for the interest of genetic characterization and breeding are presented

One-carbon metabolism in cancer

Cells require one-carbon units for nucleotide synthesis, methylation and reductive metabolism, and these pathways support the high proliferative rate of cancer cells. As such, anti-folates, drugs that target one-carbon metabolism, have long been used in the treatment of cancer. Amino acids, such as serine are a major one-carbon source, and cancer cells are particularly susceptible to deprivation of one-carbon units by serine restriction or inhibition of de novo serine synthesis. Recent work has also begun to decipher the specific pathways and sub-cellular compartments that are important for one-carbon metabolism in cancer cells. In this review we summarise the historical understanding of one-carbon metabolism in cancer, describe the recent findings regarding the generation and usage of one-carbon units and explore possible future therapeutics that could exploit the dependency of cancer cells on one-carbon metabolism

Long-term evidence for ecological intensification as a pathway to sustainable agriculture

Ecological intensification (EI) could help return agriculture into a ‘safe operating space’ for humanity. Using a novel application of meta-analysis to data from 30 long-term experiments from Europe and Africa (comprising 25,565 yield records), we investigated how field-scale EI practices interact with each other, and with N fertilizer and tillage, in their effects on long-term crop yields. Here we confirmed that EI practices (specifically, increasing crop diversity and adding fertility crops and organic matter) have generally positive effects on the yield of staple crops. However, we show that EI practices have a largely substitutive interaction with N fertilizer, so that EI practices substantially increase yield at low N fertilizer doses but have minimal or no effect on yield at high N fertilizer doses. EI practices had comparable effects across different tillage intensities, and reducing tillage did not strongly affect yields

Ecogeographical distribution of wild, weedy and cultivated Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench in Kenya: implications for conservation and crop-to-wild gene flow

The potential gene flow between a crop and its wild relatives is largely determined by the overlaps in their ecological and geographical distributions. Ecogeographical databases are therefore indispensable tools for the sustainable management of genetic resources. In order to expand our knowledge of Sorghum bicolor distribution in Kenya, we conducted in situ collections of wild, weedy and cultivated sorghum. Qualitative and quantitative morphological traits were measured for each sampled wild sorghum plant. Farmers’ knowledge relating to the management of sorghum varieties and autecology of wild sorghum was also obtained. Cluster analysis supports the existence of several wild sorghum morphotypes that might correspond to at least three of the five ecotypes recognized in Africa. Intermediate forms between wild and cultivated sorghum belonging to the S. bicolor ssp. drummondii are frequently found in predominantly sorghum growing areas. Crop-wild gene flow in sorghum is likely to occur in many agroecosystems of Kenya